麻疹

麻疹具有很强的传染性，可能会很严重。 Anyone who is unvaccinated can get measles when traveling abroad or even in the U.S. Two doses of MMR vaccine provide the best protection against measles. Some vaccinated people may still get measles if they are exposed to the virus. However, disease symptoms are milder in vaccinated people.

麻疹常见症状：

• 高烧
• 咳嗽
• 流鼻涕
• 红色的水汪汪的眼睛
• 皮疹（从脸部开始扩散到身体其他部位）

麻疹是如何传播的？

• 麻疹是通过 呼吸道飞沫 当感染者咳嗽或打喷嚏时。
• 病毒可以在空气中存活 最多2小时 在感染者离开该区域后。
• 直接接触 唾液、鼻分泌物和尿液等液体也可以传播病毒。
• 麻疹极具传染性。 约90%的非免疫人群暴露于病毒后会被感染。
• An infected person is typically contagious for the 4 days before the rash emerges and 4 days following.
• 典型的潜伏期为7至14天。

谁有风险？

• 未接种疫苗的人 (尤其是儿童)
• 的人 免疫系统减弱 （例如，由于癌症、艾滋病毒或器官移植）
• 孕妇 （怀孕期间的麻疹会引起母亲和婴儿的并发症）
• 生活在狭小空间里的人们, such as hospitals, daycare centers, residence halls, or schools are at higher risk due to ease of transmission.

预防:疫苗

• 检查你的 免疫接种记录 来确认你有 接受2剂 根据疾病预防控制中心和ADH的建议，接种MMR疫苗。
• MMR是一种推荐的儿童疫苗 在12-15个月大的时候注射，然后是2nd 4-6岁服用。 如果你已经接种了两剂MMR疫苗，那么就不需要采取进一步措施。
• The MMR vaccine is highly effective in preventing measles: 1 dose is 93% effective, and 2剂有效97%. * 1957年以前出生在美国的人 通常被认为对麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹免疫。

2025年麻疹指南

麻疹的借口： If you have been diagnosed with measles by your health care provider, you should complete the 麻疹报告表格。

如果您出现以下症状：

• 麻疹 symptoms appear 7 to 14 days after contact with the virus and typically include 高烧, 咳嗽, 流鼻涕, and red eyes. A 麻疹 rash appears 3 to 5 days after the first symptoms.
  • 隔离在您的永久居住地。
  • Notify your health care provider 立即 to get tested for MEASLES ASAP (informing testing site that you have been exposed to measles and are experiencing symptoms before you arrive)。
  • 麻疹 testing is available at 正规赌博平台 Mainline Clinic (870-224-0647) and some other local clinics. 进门前先打电话。
  • 如果您的检测呈阳性或被诊断患有麻疹，请提交a 麻疹报告表格。

麻疹测试结果呈阳性:

• 如果你的麻疹测试呈阳性：
  • Complete the 麻疹报告表格。 Include the documentation of your positive results and isolation recommendations from your health care provider.
  • 隔离 在家至少4天 (从皮疹开始)。
  • 避免 shared community spaces like the cafeteria, work, shopping areas, grocery stores, movie theaters, stadiums, church or any public place.
  • 封面 your mouth and nose with a tissue when you 咳嗽 or sneeze and put your used tissue in the trash can. If you don't have a tissue, 咳嗽 or sneeze into your upper sleeve or elbow, not your hands.
  • 洗手 通常用肥皂和水。
  • 避免共用饮料或餐具。
  • Disinfect frequently touched surfaces, such as computers, phones, doorknobs, tables and counters. 标准的家用消毒剂很容易杀死麻疹病毒。
  • 如果您的症状恶化，请与您的医疗保健提供者联系。

未接种疫苗的麻疹接触/密切接触：

• 如有密切接触* with someone who has tested positive for MEASLES and you are 不 vaccinated: （2剂MMR疫苗）
  • 隔离在您的永久居住地。
  • 立即通知当地卫生部门。 870-367-6234。 You will need to provide your name, DOB and a phone number that you will answer so that the Communicable Diseases Nurse can follow up with you.
  • Complete the 麻疹报告表格。 Indicate that you were a close contact.
  • 如果出现症状，进行麻疹检查。 Do not enter the testing facility without calling.

麻疹疫苗接触/密切接触：

• 如有密切接触* with someone who has tested positive for MEASLES and you have proof that you 一直在 vaccinated against measles: （2剂MMR疫苗）
  • 自我监测未来21天的麻疹症状。
  • 此时不需要进行隔离。
  • 如果出现症状，请联系您的医疗保健提供者。 在进入诊所前打电话。
  • 如果测试呈阳性，请遵循上述说明 麻疹测试结果呈阳性。

THERE IS ONLY A SMALL 3% CHANCE THAT YOU WILL CONTRACT MEASLES IF YOU 一直在 VACCINATED AND EXPOSED

*近距离接触 is defined as being in the same air space (regardless of distance) at the same time or up to two hours after someone who has tested positive during their contagious period. The contagious period includes the four days prior to the day of rash onset through 4 days after the day of rash onset.

麻疹报告表格

预防

预防麻疹最有效的方法是接种疫苗。

根据CDC的数据：

• Two doses of measles vaccine are 97% (range: 67% to 100%) effective at preventing measles.
• 一次剂量预防麻疹的有效性为93%（范围：39%至100%）。

你应该

• If you are 不确定 of your vaccination status, contact your healthcare provider.
• If you are 未接种疫苗或未完全接种疫苗, you may contact your healthcare provider, your local health unit (870-367-6234 in 蒙蒂塞洛), Prescription Pad Pharmacy (870-367-4227 in 蒙蒂塞洛) or Walgreens Pharmacy (870-367-6146 in 蒙蒂塞洛) to schedule an appointment for a vaccination.